Today, data analysis has become one of the most important tools of modern science. Making predictions based on past data using statistical models and algorithms plays a significant role in business and various other fields. However, the philosophical foundation behind this process bears parallels to traditional methods of divination. This article examines the similarities between data analysis and the abjad system and questions whether both methods can be considered forms of forecasting or divination.
The abjad system is an ancient system attributed to assigning numerical values to Arabic letters. It was historically adopted from certain mystical traditions and is used by some individuals in the Islamic world who attempt to derive deeper meanings from Qur’anic verses and hadiths. Abjad calculations are based on combining these numerical values to extract meaning and sometimes make predictions about the future. In this sense, the use of abjad carries a mystical character and lacks a scientific foundation.
Data analysis, on the other hand, can be seen as a modern version of older predictive or divinatory methods. However, in the scientific world, it is recognized as a discipline based on empirical foundations. Statistical analysis seeks to identify patterns and trends in large datasets. Although this process aims to make predictions about the future, the accuracy of these predictions depends on the reliability of the data and the validity of the statistical methods used. In other words, data analysis provides probabilistic rather than absolute certainty.
The similarity between abjad and data analysis lies in the fact that both attempt to predict the future based on past information. However, while data analysis is grounded in mathematics and accepted within science, abjad is based on symbolic and spiritual interpretations. Its foundation is the assignment of numerical values to letters and deriving symbolic meanings from these relationships.
In this context, both methods can be seen as forms of prediction. Data analysis is carried out using mathematical models and algorithms, aiming to identify patterns and trends in past data to forecast future events. However, these predictions always contain uncertainty, and a degree of probability is explicitly stated. Therefore, data analysis cannot provide absolute certainty due to many unknown variables and factors.
Nevertheless, it is accepted in modern science because it is based on measurable, quantitative data and mathematical computation. Abjad, in contrast, is an ancient method that attempts to predict the future through mystical interpretation. From this perspective, there is a fundamental difference between the two approaches: one relies on quantitative mathematical analysis, while the other is based on mystical belief systems.
In Islam, it is emphasized that people should rely only on Allah regarding their destiny. Methods such as divination arrows (fal arrows) are used to attempt to predict the future, but in Islam, relying on such practices is considered contrary to monotheism (tawhid). In Surah Al-Ma’idah 5:90, divination arrows are described as “abominations of Satan” and believers are instructed to avoid them:
> “O you who believe! Indeed, intoxicants, gambling, stone altars, and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid them so that you may be successful.” (Al-Ma’idah 5:90)
This verse teaches that relying on anything other than Allah to determine one’s future is incorrect. Divination tools represent attempts to define destiny, and such practices contradict divine will.
Similarly, placing excessive trust in predictions made through data analysis and shaping one’s life entirely according to them is also considered a mistake in this view. Human beings should submit to Allah’s decree and will.
Although both data analysis and abjad appear to be tools attempting to predict the future based on past data, their foundations are fundamentally different. Abjad is a mystical belief-based system of divination, while data analysis is grounded in mathematical principles. However, both produce uncertain and probabilistic outcomes, which is why they can be broadly described as predictive tools.
Islam teaches that human destiny should be entrusted solely to Allah. Attempting to predict the future through divination methods such as fal arrows is not a correct approach and contradicts the principle of monotheism. Likewise, excessive reliance on tools such as data analysis to the point of attributing determinative power to them can also lead one astray from the correct path.
Scientific predictions should not be used to determine destiny but rather to help individuals make more informed and efficient decisions in life. Only Allah knows the future, and all forms of prediction remain ultimately uncertain.
Similarities and Differences
Fundamental Similarities:
- Both attempt to make predictions about the future using past data
- Both rely on a certain systematic structure (letter-number relations in abjad, mathematical models in data analysis)
- Both produce non-absolute (uncertain) results
Critical Differences: - Methodological Basis:
Data analysis: Measurable, repeatable, and testable methodology
Abjad: Mystical and symbolic interpretative system - Verification Mechanisms:
Data analysis: Hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, error margins
Abjad: Subjective interpretation, lack of verifiable methodology - Purpose of Use:
Data analysis: Decision support system, probabilistic forecasting
Abjad: Spiritual/mystical meaning-making, often perceived as definitive prediction
From an Islamic perspective, neither approach should be seen as an absolute determinant of destiny. Therefore, data analysis should be regarded as a scientific tool, but not elevated to the level of deterministic belief. It should be used as a supportive mechanism rather than a source of absolute certainty.
